{"id":9800,"date":"2023-12-02T21:02:27","date_gmt":"2023-12-02T21:02:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/power2innovate.com\/massive-planet-too-big-for-its-own-sun-pushes-astronomers-to-rethink-exoplanet-formation\/"},"modified":"2023-12-02T21:02:27","modified_gmt":"2023-12-02T21:02:27","slug":"massive-planet-too-big-for-its-own-sun-pushes-astronomers-to-rethink-exoplanet-formation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/power2innovate.com\/massive-planet-too-big-for-its-own-sun-pushes-astronomers-to-rethink-exoplanet-formation\/","title":{"rendered":"Massive planet too big for its own sun pushes astronomers to rethink exoplanet formation"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t by Suvrath Mahadevan, Gu\u00f0mundur K\u00e1ri Stef\u00e1nsson and Megan Delamer, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t The Conversation\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n
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\n\n \n LHS 3154b, a newly discovered massive planet that should be too big to exist. Credit: Pennsylvania State University \n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Imagine you’re a farmer searching for eggs in the chicken coop\u2014but instead of a chicken egg, you find an ostrich egg, much larger than anything a chicken could lay.<\/p>\n\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
That’s a little how our team of astronomers felt when we discovered a massive planet, more than 13 times heavier than Earth, around a cool, dim red star, nine times less massive than Earth’s sun, earlier this year.\n<\/p>\n
The smaller star, called an M star, is not only smaller than the sun in Earth’s solar system, but it’s 100 times less luminous. Such a star should not have the necessary amount of material in its planet-forming disk to birth such a massive planet.\n<\/p>\n
The Habitable Zone Planet Finder<\/h2>\n
Over the past decade, our team designed and built a new instrument at Penn State capable of detecting the light from these dim, cool stars at wavelengths beyond the sensitivity of the human eye\u2014in the near-infrared\u2014where such cool stars emit most of their light.\n<\/p>\n
Attached to the 10-meter Hobby-Eberly Telescope in West Texas, our instrument, dubbed the Habitable Zone Planet Finder, can measure the subtle change in a star’s velocity as a planet gravitationally tugs on it. This technique, called the Doppler radial velocity technique, is great for detecting exoplanets.\n<\/p>\n
“Exoplanet” is a combination of the words extrasolar and planet, so the term applies to any planet-sized body in orbit around a star that isn’t Earth’s sun.\n<\/p>\n
Thirty years ago, Doppler radial velocity observations enabled the discovery of 51 Pegasi b, the first known exoplanet orbiting a sunlike star. In the ensuing decades, astronomers like us have improved this technique. These increasingly more precise measurements have an important goal: to enable the discovery of rocky planets in habitable zones, the regions around stars where liquid water can be sustained on the planetary surface.\n<\/p>\n
The Doppler technique doesn’t yet have the capabilities to discover habitable zone planets the mass of the Earth around stars the size of the sun. But the cool and dim M stars show a larger Doppler signature for the same Earth-size planet. The lower mass of the star leads to it getting tugged more by the orbiting planet. And the lower luminosity leads to a closer-in habitable zone and a shorter orbit, which also makes the planet easier to detect.<\/p>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n <\/p>\n