{"id":8335,"date":"2023-09-05T21:41:59","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T21:41:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/power2innovate.com\/vast-bubble-of-galaxies-discovered-given-hawaiian-name\/"},"modified":"2023-09-05T21:41:59","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T21:41:59","slug":"vast-bubble-of-galaxies-discovered-given-hawaiian-name","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/power2innovate.com\/vast-bubble-of-galaxies-discovered-given-hawaiian-name\/","title":{"rendered":"Vast bubble of galaxies discovered, given Hawaiian name"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> \n<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2023\/vast-bubble-of-galaxie.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2023\/vast-bubble-of-galaxie.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"The red region (left) shows the shell enclosed by the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation, with individual galaxies depicted as luminous tiny specks. The blue filaments show the greater Cosmic Web, with previously known features like Lani\u0101kea highlighted. Credit: Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Durillon, Animea Studio; Daniel Pomar\u00e8de, IRFU, CEA University Paris-Saclay\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\">\n            <figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                The red region (left) shows the shell enclosed by the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation, with individual galaxies depicted as luminous tiny specks. The blue filaments show the greater Cosmic Web, with previously known features like Lani\u0101kea highlighted. Credit: Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Durillon, Animea Studio; Daniel Pomar\u00e8de, IRFU, CEA University Paris-Saclay<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>A University of Hawai\u02bbi-led discovery of an immense bubble 820 million light years from Earth is believed to be a fossil-like remnant of the birth of the universe. Astronomer Brent Tully from the UH Institute for Astronomy and his team unexpectedly found the bubble within a web of galaxies. The entity has been given the name Ho\u02bboleilana, a term drawn from the Kumulipo, a Hawaiian creation chant evoking the origin of structure.<\/p>\n<section class=\"article-banner first-banner ads-336x280\">\n         <!-- \/4988204\/Phys_Story_InText_Box --><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p>The new findings, published in <i>The Astrophysical Journal<\/i>, mention that these massive structures are predicted by the Big Bang theory, as the result of 3D ripples found in the material of the early universe, known as Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO).\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We were not looking for it. It is so huge that it spills to the edges of the sector of the sky that we were analyzing,&#8221; explained Tully. &#8220;As an enhancement in the density of galaxies it is a much stronger feature than expected. The very large diameter of one billion light years is beyond theoretical expectations. If its formation and evolution are in accordance with theory, this BAO is closer than anticipated, implying a high value for the expansion rate of the universe.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>Astronomers located the bubble using data from Cosmicflows-4, which is to date, the largest compilation of precise distances to galaxies. Tully co-published the exceptional catalog in fall 2022. His team of researchers believe this may be the first time astronomers identified an individual structure associated with a BAO. The discovery could help bolster scientists&#8217; knowledge of the effects of galaxy evolution.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mb-4\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\">\n    <meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Vast bubble of galaxies discovered, given Hawaiian name\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"url\" content=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/video\/2023\/vast-bubble-of-galaxie.mp4\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"The new findings mention these massive structures are predicted by the Big Bang theory, as the result of 3D ripples found in the material of the early universe, known as Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). Credit: Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Durillon, Animea Studio; Daniel Pomar\u00e8de, IRFU, CEA University Paris-Saclay\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2023-09-05T16:27:32-04:00\"\/><br \/>\n        <meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/video_tmb\/2023\/vast-bubble-of-galaxie.mp4.jpg\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/video\/2023\/vast-bubble-of-galaxie.mp4\"\/><br \/>\n            <video class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\" id=\"jwVID75553\" controls=\"\" poster=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/video_tmb\/2023\/vast-bubble-of-galaxie.mp4.jpg\"><source src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/video\/2023\/vast-bubble-of-galaxie.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><\/source><\/video><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up mt-4\" itemprop=\"caption\">The new findings mention these massive structures are predicted by the Big Bang theory, as the result of 3D ripples found in the material of the early universe, known as Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). Credit: Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Durillon, Animea Studio; Daniel Pomar\u00e8de, IRFU, CEA University Paris-Saclay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Enormous bubbles of matter<\/h2>\n<p>In the well-established Big Bang theory, during the first 400,000 years, the universe is a cauldron of hot plasma similar to the interior of the sun. Within a plasma, electrons were separated from the atomic nuclei. During this period, regions with slightly higher density began to collapse under gravity, even as the intense bath of radiation attempted to push matter apart. This struggle between gravity and radiation made the plasma oscillate or ripple and spread outward.\n<\/p>\n<p>The largest ripples in the early universe depended on the distance a sound wave could travel. Set by the speed of sound in the plasma, this distance was almost 500 million light years, and was fixed once the universe cooled and stopped being a plasma, leaving vast three-dimensional ripples. Throughout the eons, galaxies formed at the density peaks, in enormous bubble-like structures. Patterns in the distribution of galaxies, properly discerned, could reveal the properties of these ancient messengers.\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;I am the cartographer of the group, and mapping Ho\u02bboleilana in three dimensions helps us understand its content and relationship with its surroundings,&#8221; said researcher Daniel Pomarede of CEA Paris-Saclay University in France. &#8220;It was an amazing process to construct this map and see how the giant shell structure of Ho\u02bboleilana is composed of elements that were identified in the past as being themselves some of the largest structures of the universe.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>This same team of researchers also identified the Lani\u0101kea Supercluster in 2014. That structure, which includes the Milky Way, is small in comparison. Stretching at a diameter of about 500 million light years, Lani\u0101kea extends to the near edge of this much larger bubble.<\/p>\n<h2>Uncovering a single BAO<\/h2>\n<p>Tully&#8217;s team discovered that Ho\u02bboleilana had been noted in a 2016 research paper as the most prominent of several shell-like structures seen in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. However, the earlier work did not reveal the full extent of the structure, and that team did not conclude they had found a BAO.\n<\/p>\n<p>Using the Cosmicflows-4 catalog, the researchers were able to see a full spherical shell of galaxies, identify its center, and show that there is a statistical enhancement in the density of galaxies in all directions from that center. Ho\u02bboleilana encompasses many well-known structures previously found by astronomers, such as the Harvard\/Smithsonian Great Wall containing the Coma Cluster, the Hercules Cluster and the Sloan Great Wall. The Bo\u00f6tes Supercluster resides at its center. The historic Bo\u00f6tes Void, a massive empty spherical region, lies inside Ho\u02bboleilana.\n<\/p>\n<h2>The implications of Ho\u02bboleilana<\/h2>\n<p>Tests with simulations have demonstrated that the shell structure identified as Ho\u02bboleilana has less than 1% probability of being a statistical accident. Ho\u02bboleilana has the properties of a theoretically anticipated baryon acoustic oscillation, including the prominence at its center of a rich supercluster; however, it stands out stronger than expected.\n<\/p>\n<p>In detail, Ho\u02bboleilana is slightly larger than anticipated from the theory of the standard model of cosmology, and what has been found from prior statistical pair-wise studies of galaxy separations. The size is in accord with observations of the local expansion rate of the universe and of galaxy flows on large scales that also hint at subtle problems with the standard model.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n<p><strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR. Brent Tully et al, Ho&#8217;oleilana: An Individual Baryon Acoustic Oscillation?, <i>The Astrophysical Journal<\/i> (2023).  DOI: 10.3847\/1538-4357\/aceaf3\n<\/p>\n<p>R. Brent Tully et al, Cosmicflows-4, <i>The Astrophysical Journal<\/i> (2023).  DOI: 10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac94d8<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium mt-4\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProvided by<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<use href=\"https:\/\/phys.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v6\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVast bubble of galaxies discovered, given Hawaiian name (2023, September 5)<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tretrieved 5 September 2023<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfrom\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The red region (left) shows the shell enclosed by the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation, with individual galaxies depicted as luminous tiny specks. The blue filaments show the greater Cosmic Web, with previously known features like Lani\u0101kea highlighted. Credit: Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Durillon, Animea Studio; Daniel Pomar\u00e8de, IRFU, CEA University Paris-Saclay A University of Hawai\u02bbi-led discovery of an immense &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8336,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Vast bubble of galaxies discovered, given Hawaiian name - Innovation Discoveries<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/power2innovate.com\/vast-bubble-of-galaxies-discovered-given-hawaiian-name\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vast bubble of galaxies discovered, given Hawaiian name - Innovation Discoveries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The red region (left) shows the shell enclosed by the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation, with individual galaxies depicted as luminous tiny specks. 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