{"id":11206,"date":"2024-02-28T08:34:38","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T08:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/power2innovate.com\/researchers-leverage-machine-learning-to-improve-space-weather-predictions\/"},"modified":"2024-02-28T08:34:38","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T08:34:38","slug":"researchers-leverage-machine-learning-to-improve-space-weather-predictions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/power2innovate.com\/researchers-leverage-machine-learning-to-improve-space-weather-predictions\/","title":{"rendered":"Researchers leverage machine learning to improve space weather predictions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> \n<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2024\/researchers-leverage-m.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2024\/researchers-leverage-m.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Steady state conditions of the auroral current system pattern in the Arctic region (polar view), which varies with the direction of the magnetic field of the solar wind, can be reproduced by SMRAI2 almost perfectly. Red and blue represent earthward (downward) and upward currents, respectively; Y and Z represent the direction of the solar wind magnetic field, with Z positive northward in the north-south direction and Y positive westward in the east-west direction. For example, 'Zero' indicates no Y and Z components of the solar wind magnetic field, '-Z' indicates a complete south orientation, and '-Y -Z' indicates a southeast orientation. Credit: &lt;i&gt;Space Weather&lt;\/i&gt; (2024). DOI: 10.1029\/2023SW003720\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\">\n            <figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                Steady state conditions of the auroral current system pattern in the Arctic region (polar view), which varies with the direction of the magnetic field of the solar wind, can be reproduced by SMRAI2 almost perfectly. Red and blue represent earthward (downward) and upward currents, respectively; Y and Z represent the direction of the solar wind magnetic field, with Z positive northward in the north-south direction and Y positive westward in the east-west direction. For example, &#8216;Zero&#8217; indicates no Y and Z components of the solar wind magnetic field, &#8216;-Z&#8217; indicates a complete south orientation, and &#8216;-Y -Z&#8217; indicates a southeast orientation. Credit: <i>Space Weather<\/i> (2024). DOI: 10.1029\/2023SW003720<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>There are three levels of severity for space storms: geomagnetic storms, solar radiation storms and radio blackouts. These storms produce different effects on Earth, including satellite, GPS, communications and electrical grid issues, as well as health dangers for astronauts and people on high-altitude flights. Geomagnetic storms also produce the beautiful auroras that are commonly observed in polar regions.<\/p>\n<section class=\"article-banner first-banner ads-336x280\">\n         <!-- \/4988204\/Phys_Story_InText_Box --><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p>Because of the potential negative effects of space storms, researchers have developed physics-based models that predict the auroral current system based on the incoming solar wind particles ejected from the sun.<\/p>\n<p>Up to this point, however, such models were slow and required an entire supercomputer to run. Researchers have now created a machine learning-based emulator that mimics physics-based auroral current system simulations much more quickly and with less computing power.<\/p>\n<p>The team published the results of their study in the journal <i>Space Weather<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;A physics-based simulation of the auroral current system is an option for the space weather forecast. However, we need a designated supercomputer for running the physics-based simulation,&#8221; said Ryuho Kataoka, first author of the paper and associate professor at the National Institute of Polar Research and SOKENDAI, both in Tachikawa, Japan.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;One of these models is REPPU (REProduce Plasma Universe), which is a well-known and reliable model that reproduces the auroral current system. Once we created the &#8217;emulator,&#8217; we could get similar results using a laptop PC.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The new emulator model, Surrogate Model for REPPU Auroral Ionosphere version 2 (SMRAI2), is a million times faster than the physics-based simulation and incorporates seasonal effects into its modeling.<\/p>\n<p>While solar weather forecasts cannot change the effects of solar radiation and the solar wind particles on and around Earth, it can help communities affected by solar weather prepare for communication difficulties and failures and limit radiation exposure for astronauts and high-altitude aircraft passengers.<\/p>\n<p>Satellites, in particular, are highly sensitive to drag caused by magnetic storms. In fact, 38 commercial satellites were lost in February 2022 due to reentry into the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere after a moderate magnetic storm. These magnetic storms are the result of a large energy transfer from the solar wind to the Earth&#8217;s magnetosphere.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2024\/researchers-leverage-m-1.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2024\/researchers-leverage-m-1.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"By giving the complex solar wind variations actually observed, very complex temporal variations of the auroral jet currents can also be reproduced. Light colors represent observed values, dark colors are predictions by SMRAI2. au obs and al obs are observed AU and AL indices, au esn and al esn are AU and AL indices calculated from emulator results. AU and AL indices indicate auroral activity at high latitudes. Credit: &lt;i&gt;Space Weather&lt;\/i&gt; (2024). DOI: 10.1029\/2023SW003720\">\n<figure class=\"article-img text-center\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2024\/researchers-leverage-m-1.jpg\" alt=\"Researchers leverage machine learning to improve space weather predictions\" title=\"By giving the complex solar wind variations actually observed, very complex temporal variations of the auroral jet currents can also be reproduced. Light colors represent observed values, dark colors are predictions by SMRAI2. au obs and al obs are observed AU and AL indices, au esn and al esn are AU and AL indices calculated from emulator results. AU and AL indices indicate auroral activity at high latitudes. Credit: Space Weather (2024). DOI: 10.1029\/2023SW003720\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-left text-darken text-truncate text-low-up mt-3\">\n                By giving the complex solar wind variations actually observed, very complex temporal variations of the auroral jet currents can also be reproduced. Light colors represent observed values, dark colors are predictions by SMRAI2. au obs and al obs are observed AU and AL indices, au esn and al esn are AU and AL indices calculated from emulator results. AU and AL indices indicate auroral activity at high latitudes. Credit: <i>Space Weather<\/i> (2024). DOI: 10.1029\/2023SW003720<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The research team used a time-dependent machine learning model called echo state network (ESN) to create the physics-based prediction model emulator. Importantly, ESNs are a type of recurrent neural network designed to efficiently handle sequential data.<\/p>\n<p>The current study actually improved upon an initial version of the ESN-based emulator, ver1.0. The team trained the new emulator model, SMRAI2, using an order of magnitude more physics-based simulation outputs than the original ver1.0 model.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The product of this study, SMRAI2, is the first example of auroral physics that utilizes a machine learning technique to emulate the ionospheric output of the physics-based global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation. Accumulating more MHD simulation data and using other cutting-edge machine-learning models will enable us to update prediction accuracy in the near future,&#8221; said Kataoka. MHD simulations are designed to describe the behavior of the magnetosphere, where the solar wind interacts with the Earth&#8217;s magnetic field.<\/p>\n<p>The next step for the research team is to incorporate the emulator in running the ensemble space weather forecast, which is a set of forecasts offering a range of future space weather predictions. Their ultimate goal is to use the emulator, together with many observation datasets, in a data-assimilation forecast, which integrates model output and observations to improve prediction accuracy.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n<p><strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRyuho Kataoka et al, Machine Learning\u2010Based Emulator for the Physics\u2010Based Simulation of Auroral Current System, <i>Space Weather<\/i> (2024). DOI: 10.1029\/2023SW003720<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium mt-4\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProvided by<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tResearch Organization of Information and Systems\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tResearchers leverage machine learning to improve space weather predictions (2024, February 27)<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tretrieved 28 February 2024<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfrom\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Steady state conditions of the auroral current system pattern in the Arctic region (polar view), which varies with the direction of the magnetic field of the solar wind, can be reproduced by SMRAI2 almost perfectly. Red and blue represent earthward (downward) and upward currents, respectively; Y and Z represent the direction of the solar wind &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11207,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Researchers leverage machine learning to improve space weather predictions - Innovation Discoveries<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/power2innovate.com\/researchers-leverage-machine-learning-to-improve-space-weather-predictions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Researchers leverage machine learning to improve space weather predictions - Innovation Discoveries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Steady state conditions of the auroral current system pattern in the Arctic region (polar view), which varies with the direction of the magnetic field of the solar wind, can be reproduced by SMRAI2 almost perfectly. 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